Teaching and Learning Basics 

• Behaviorism – Behaviorism is a psychological theory and approach to understanding human behavior that emerged in the early 20th century. It is based on the belief that all human behaviors can be explained and understood through observable and measurable stimuli and responses, without the need to delve into the inner workings of the mind or mental processes. Behaviorism focuses primarily on external, observable behaviors and the environmental factors that influence them.

• Cognitivism – Cognitivism is a psychological theory and learning theory that emerged as a reaction to behaviorism in the mid-20th century. It focuses on the role of mental processes and cognitive functions in understanding human behavior, learning, and information processing. Unlike behaviorism, which primarily emphasizes observable behaviors, cognitivism delves into the internal mental processes that underlie those behaviors.

• Constructivism – Constructivism is a learning theory and educational philosophy that asserts that learners actively construct their own knowledge and understanding of the world through a process of mental exploration, reflection, and adaptation. In contrast to behaviorism, which emphasizes external stimuli and observable behaviors, and cognitivism, which focuses on internal mental processes, constructivism places a strong emphasis on the learner’s active engagement with the learning materials and their prior experiences.

• Connectivism – Connectivism is a learning theory and educational philosophy that emerged in the 21st century, primarily in response to the digital age and the rapid expansion of information and communication technologies. It suggests that learning is a networked, decentralized process that takes place within a digital and global information landscape. Connectivism is often associated with George Siemens and Stephen Downes, who introduced and popularized the theory.

• Andragogy (Knowles): andragogy is a theory that acknowledges the distinct characteristics and motivations of adult learners. It suggests that effective adult education should be learner-centered, allowing adults to take an active role in shaping their learning experiences and connecting new knowledge to their prior experiences and needs. This theory has been influential in shaping the design and delivery of adult education programs and courses. Read more>>

Applications:

• Unleashing the Power of Bloom’s Taxonomy: A Guide to Enhancing Learning in Education |  Bloom’s Taxonomy Table with Keywords and Examples
• Generative Learning Model
• The Benefits for Teaching (Social Emotional Learning)
• ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Keller)
• What is Experiential Learning? (Experiential Learning (Kolb))
• Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller)
• Scaffolding (Brunner)
• Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky)
• Nine Elements of Learning (Gagne)
• Five Moments of Need (Gottfredson & Mosher
• Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)
• Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth)