Andragogy is a theory of adult learning developed by Malcolm Knowles in the 1970s. Unlike pedagogy, which primarily focuses on the education of children, andragogy is specifically concerned with the unique characteristics and needs of adult learners.
Key principles of andragogy include:
- Self-Direction: Adults are more likely to take responsibility for their own learning. They prefer to have a say in what, when, and how they learn, and they value autonomy in their educational choices.
- Experience: Adults bring a wealth of life experiences to the learning process. Andragogy emphasizes the importance of tapping into this experience and relating new knowledge to existing knowledge.
- Relevance: Adults are motivated to learn when they see the direct applicability of the knowledge or skills to their real-life situations and problems. Learning needs to be relevant to their goals and needs.
- Problem-Centered Approach: Adults are often task-oriented and problem-solving in their learning. They want to address specific challenges or goals and seek practical solutions.
- Internal Motivation: Adult learners are intrinsically motivated and driven by personal interests and goals. They are more likely to engage in learning when they perceive its relevance and potential benefits.
- Readiness to Learn: Adults are more inclined to learn when they believe the knowledge or skills will immediately serve a purpose. They have a higher degree of readiness and willingness to learn.
- Orientation to Learning: Andragogy recognizes that adults approach learning as a means to an end, with a focus on solving problems and achieving specific objectives.
In summary, andragogy is a theory that acknowledges the distinct characteristics and motivations of adult learners. It suggests that effective adult education should be learner-centered, allowing adults to take an active role in shaping their learning experiences and connecting new knowledge to their prior experiences and needs. This theory has been influential in shaping the design and delivery of adult education programs and courses.